A concussion is a brain injury caused by a sudden head movement. Concussions present serious risks and can cause permanent brain damage if not treated correctly. However, with proper identification and management, a concussion is treatable.
When managing a concussion, remember the 4 R’s:
- RECOGNIZE – Concussion signs and symptoms can appear more than 48 hours after the injury. A student does not have to lose consciousness to have experienced a concussion. Signs and symptoms may include, among others:
| Symptoms | Signs |
| Headache | Poor coordination |
| Dizziness | Slurred speech |
| Light sensitivity | Delayed responses |
| Fatigue | Vacant share |
| Confusion | Personality change |
| Nausea | Sleep disturbance |
- REMOVE – If a student shows signs of concussion, remove them from the current activity.
- REFER – A student with a suspected concussion should be referred to and evaluated by a licensed healthcare professional as soon as possible.
- RETURN – Return to school and then to sport and play based on the recommendations of a licensed healthcare professional
For more tools, resources, and information, visit sirc.ca/concussion.
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Consult the safety guidelines or concussion policies in your province/territory or jurisdiction for additional protocol.
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